from my current readings:
Caraga Antigua 1521-1910
The Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao, and East Davao
Fr. Peter Schreurs, MSC
2nd Edition, 2000
National Historical Institute
on page 251 (English)
1749 - Population of Mainit: 610
and on page 258 (Spanish):
Pueblo de Mainit
"... y de seis cientos, y diez Almas"
(.. and 610 souls/believers)
as reported in:
"En la Isla de Mindanao, y Provincia de Caraga del Obispado de Zebu tenemos los Pueblos, y Ministerios Siguentes"
Recoleto Archives in Marcilla, Spain
Lake Mainit was already reflected in the following maps:
1734 - Map of Murillo Vellarde
1751 - Map of Franciso Alegre
Reflection:
I thought that in the middle 1800s, Mainit was just a barrio of Placer, in reference to the leadership of Don Capitan Hilario Mosende (Ayong). Apparently, as early as 1749 (Shreurs, 200o), Mainit was already considered a "pueblo" of the Province of Caraga, together with Sapao (pop: 635), Gigaquit (pop: 700), Surigao (pop: 500), Caolo (Old name of Siargao - pop: 850).
Aug 29, 2005
1931: Malacañang Confirmation of Vice President Vedasto Mosende
MAINIT HISTORY: 1931 August 4
After seven months, Malacanang confirmed Lolo Bitoy's (Vedasto Libarnes Mosende) appointment.
Nadugay pa siguro pag-abot nan mga kasuyatan gikan Mainit pasingud sa Manila. Pila kaha ka adlaw muabot an correo nan jadto na panahon? Pila kaha ka adlaw an barko magbiyahe gikan Surigao pasingod Manila? And, look at the signatures and the stamps... the ink looks fresh. Undeniably valuable!
After seven months, Malacanang confirmed Lolo Bitoy's (Vedasto Libarnes Mosende) appointment.
Nadugay pa siguro pag-abot nan mga kasuyatan gikan Mainit pasingud sa Manila. Pila kaha ka adlaw muabot an correo nan jadto na panahon? Pila kaha ka adlaw an barko magbiyahe gikan Surigao pasingod Manila? And, look at the signatures and the stamps... the ink looks fresh. Undeniably valuable!
1931: Appointment of Vice President Vedasto Mosende
MAINIT HISTORY: 1931 January 14
Surigao Provincial Governor Pedro Coleto, as authorized by the Governor General, signed the appointment letter of my grandfather, Vedasto Libarnes Mosende, as the Municipal Vice President of the newly established Municipality of Mainit.
This original document is in my file. I will have it laminated and posted on our wall! Makatuwaw ako halos maghuna-huna... to have been blessed and have these precious historical documents!
Surigao Provincial Governor Pedro Coleto, as authorized by the Governor General, signed the appointment letter of my grandfather, Vedasto Libarnes Mosende, as the Municipal Vice President of the newly established Municipality of Mainit.
This original document is in my file. I will have it laminated and posted on our wall! Makatuwaw ako halos maghuna-huna... to have been blessed and have these precious historical documents!
1931: Official Establishment of the Municipality of Mainit
MAINIT HISTORY: 1931 January 6
Gaceta Oficial (Official Gazette) of the Philippine Government announced the official establishment of the Municipality of Mainit by virtue of the Executive Order 290 dated December 27, 1930.
Gaceta Oficial (Official Gazette) of the Philippine Government announced the official establishment of the Municipality of Mainit by virtue of the Executive Order 290 dated December 27, 1930.
The Parish Priests of Mainit - 1926-2014
The parish of San Nicolas de Tolentino of Mainit, Surigao del Norte was founded on 26 October 1926 by the Missionary of the Sacred Heart (MSC) priests which covered the areas of Mainit, Tubod, Alegria and Placer. The pioneering priests assigned in Mainit were Fr. Adriano Muskens and Fr. Nicolas de Lepper. Here is the complete list of priests assigned in Mainit:
1926-1927 - Fr. Adriano Muskens, MSC, with Fr. Nicolas Lepper, MSC
1927-1935 - Fr. Gerard Blewanus, MSC
1935-1936 - Fr. Adrian Steiger, MSC
1936-1940 - Fr. Antonio Bodden, MSC (Surigao became a Diocese)
1940-1945 - Fr. Alex Smulders, MSC
1945-1946 - Fr. Venancio Portillo, MSC, with Fr. Atanacio de Castro, MSC
1946-1948 - Fr. Francisco van den Borght, MSC
1948-1954 - Fr. Antonio Bodden, MSC (second assignment)
1954-1959 - Fr. Albert Grol, MSC
1959-1960 - Fr. John van Roon, MSC
1960-1963 - Fr. Eugene van Vought, MSC
1963-1967 - Fr. Jose Sanchez, DCS (First Filipino Parish Priest to be assigned in Mainit) with Fr. Enrique Cuison, DCS. San Nicolas Academy was founded in 1965
1967-1968 - Fr. Apolinario Olvis, DCS
1968-1971 - Fr. Jose Falcon, DCS
1971-1975 - Fr. William van Ameijde, MSC
1976-1995 - Fr. Peter Rosenhart, MSC (longest to be assigned - 19 years)
1995-1999 - Fr. Nicasio Gran, MSC, with Fr. Lauro Mozo, MSC
2000-2007 - Fr. Roman Alaan, MSC, with Fr. Gabby Galido, MSC and Fr. Martini Ladao, MSC
2007-2012 - Fr. Rey Maldo, MSC with Fr. Romy Beroy, MSC
2012-present - Fr. Alvin Lao, MSC
Updated: Aug 3, 2014
Original: Jun 26, 2008
Source: Mainit Parish Souvenir Program, 2007
1926-1927 - Fr. Adriano Muskens, MSC, with Fr. Nicolas Lepper, MSC
1927-1935 - Fr. Gerard Blewanus, MSC
1935-1936 - Fr. Adrian Steiger, MSC
1936-1940 - Fr. Antonio Bodden, MSC (Surigao became a Diocese)
1940-1945 - Fr. Alex Smulders, MSC
1945-1946 - Fr. Venancio Portillo, MSC, with Fr. Atanacio de Castro, MSC
1946-1948 - Fr. Francisco van den Borght, MSC
1948-1954 - Fr. Antonio Bodden, MSC (second assignment)
1954-1959 - Fr. Albert Grol, MSC
1959-1960 - Fr. John van Roon, MSC
1960-1963 - Fr. Eugene van Vought, MSC
1963-1967 - Fr. Jose Sanchez, DCS (First Filipino Parish Priest to be assigned in Mainit) with Fr. Enrique Cuison, DCS. San Nicolas Academy was founded in 1965
1967-1968 - Fr. Apolinario Olvis, DCS
1968-1971 - Fr. Jose Falcon, DCS
1971-1975 - Fr. William van Ameijde, MSC
1976-1995 - Fr. Peter Rosenhart, MSC (longest to be assigned - 19 years)
1995-1999 - Fr. Nicasio Gran, MSC, with Fr. Lauro Mozo, MSC
2000-2007 - Fr. Roman Alaan, MSC, with Fr. Gabby Galido, MSC and Fr. Martini Ladao, MSC
2007-2012 - Fr. Rey Maldo, MSC with Fr. Romy Beroy, MSC
2012-present - Fr. Alvin Lao, MSC
Updated: Aug 3, 2014
Original: Jun 26, 2008
Source: Mainit Parish Souvenir Program, 2007
Mapaso Hot Springs 2008
A fellow Surigaonon Blogger, The Islander, (www.insulare.blogspot.com) visited Mapaso Hotsprings (in Mainit, Surigao del Norte) lately, to take a break from his routine city life.
More Mapaso Hot Spring photos by The Islander here.
Photos: www.insulare.blogspot.com
Jun 25, 2008
Mainitnon Gold robbed!
Source: University of Michigan Online Library
This May 1937 document from the pages of the American Chamber of Commerce Journal reported that Surigao Consolidated Mining (Suricon) had bought powerful mills that has a capacity of 200-300 tons daily!!! We all know that Suricon has been in operation in Brgy Siana, Mainit, Surigao del Norte for at least 80 years (1900s to 1980s). That could be a magnificent 5, 840,000 to 8,760,000 tons of mine milled.
I have not researched much but at 44 grams of gold per ton of ore, Suricon must have mined around 400 tons (400,000 kilos) of gold from our town. Now multiply that with the current price of gold which is $22,000 per kilo (could amount up to $8 billion or around PhP360 billion).
Maybe that's an over-calculation! So let's take away 75% (PhP 270 billion) of that from MISCALCULATION. We can assume that Suricon only made Php 90 billion worth of gold. That is still more than a whooping Php 1 billion worth of Mainitnon GOLD per year.
BIGA NAN ILA KATIGUYANGAN!!!
That was OUR GOLD and look at how Mainit benefited??? Simay maglaong na dili ini kun kawat!!! Tan-awa, nugis-nga na isab an mga bag-o na explorations sa Tapian sanan San Francisco!!!
Hala Mainitnon, magpaka-buta-bungoy pa kamo nan ini na mga mining. Kay dakan an ijo kasajupan mautro na isab lakip na maalaot an ato mga ka-apo-apoan!!!
My heart is burning with rage everytime I remember this robbery!
Yati!
Post: Zimm (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jul 23, 2007
Lake Mainit in Ancient Maps
I wrote in 2005 about the 1734 map of the Jesuit Priest Fray Murillo Vellarde reflecting the name Lake Mainit (here: http://
Now, I met the actual map face to face... here... in our office building in Quezon City!
February 20 to 24, 2016 at PSSC Building, Quezon City: A Cartographic Exhibit based on the research of Supreme Court Senior Associate Justice ANTONIO CARPIO - Historical Truths and Lies, Scarborough Shoal in Ancient Maps.
1600s - Lake is reflected in the maps as a dent probably mistaking it as part of the ocean. All maps in display have no inland lake, hence no name assigned. Understandably because these maps were purely for ocean navigation and reports of routes identified.
1700s - Suprisingly referred to as SAPONGAN in most maps. My theory points to Jabonga being mispelled sa Saponga by french cartographers. The lake in these maps are now clearly an inland lake. I take notice of the names of other places as well "Higaquet", "Siarigao", etc.
1800s - Amazing to see that most the maps in this era do not reflect a lake. In the latter part, it eventually named our lake - LAKE MAINIT.
Here is an initial list (for final verification)
Year, Name of Cartographer (Place of Publication)
Now, I met the actual map face to face... here... in our office building in Quezon City!
February 20 to 24, 2016 at PSSC Building, Quezon City: A Cartographic Exhibit based on the research of Supreme Court Senior Associate Justice ANTONIO CARPIO - Historical Truths and Lies, Scarborough Shoal in Ancient Maps.
1600s - Lake is reflected in the maps as a dent probably mistaking it as part of the ocean. All maps in display have no inland lake, hence no name assigned. Understandably because these maps were purely for ocean navigation and reports of routes identified.
1700s - Suprisingly referred to as SAPONGAN in most maps. My theory points to Jabonga being mispelled sa Saponga by french cartographers. The lake in these maps are now clearly an inland lake. I take notice of the names of other places as well "Higaquet", "Siarigao", etc.
1800s - Amazing to see that most the maps in this era do not reflect a lake. In the latter part, it eventually named our lake - LAKE MAINIT.
Here is an initial list (for final verification)
Year, Name of Cartographer (Place of Publication)
1650 Mariette (Paris) - no lake name, but lake reflected a small
dent
1662 DeWit (Amsterdam) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1670 Visscher (Amsterdam) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1676 Speed (London) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1697 Cluverius (Netherlands) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1662 DeWit (Amsterdam) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1670 Visscher (Amsterdam) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1676 Speed (London) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1697 Cluverius (Netherlands) - no lake name, but lake reflected as big v-shape dent
1734 Velarde (Manila) - LAGUA D’ SAPONGAN - probably Japongan. The
lake was rightly drawn as an inland body of water with a river connected to the
sea. Mainit and Habungan were also named
in the map.
1744 Velarde (Manila) – no name, but lake is reflected as inland
body of water.
1748 Tamon (Vienna) – SAPONGAN - an inland body of water with a river connected to the sea.
1760 Lowitz (Nuremberg) – LAC DE SAPONGAN- an inland body of water with large river diverging on 3 exits towards the end as it reaches the sea
1761 Kitchin (London) - no lake, no name
1769 Kitchin (London) – MAINIT was written at the left side of the lake- an inland body of water with large river diverging on 3 exits towards the end as it reaches the sea
1770 Kitchin (London) – no lake, no name
1778 Sayer (London) – SAPONGAN - an inland body of water with large river diverging on 3 exits towards the end as it reaches the sea.
1781 Gaitte (Paris) – LABUGAON (big dent, seems a large river)
1748 Tamon (Vienna) – SAPONGAN - an inland body of water with a river connected to the sea.
1760 Lowitz (Nuremberg) – LAC DE SAPONGAN- an inland body of water with large river diverging on 3 exits towards the end as it reaches the sea
1761 Kitchin (London) - no lake, no name
1769 Kitchin (London) – MAINIT was written at the left side of the lake- an inland body of water with large river diverging on 3 exits towards the end as it reaches the sea
1770 Kitchin (London) – no lake, no name
1778 Sayer (London) – SAPONGAN - an inland body of water with large river diverging on 3 exits towards the end as it reaches the sea.
1781 Gaitte (Paris) – LABUGAON (big dent, seems a large river)
1784 Van Ley (_) – no name, lake ws reflected as a very small
dent, almost inland
1785 Zatta (Venice) - L. DE SAPONGAN- with clearly drawn large river. “MAINIT” was written on the left of the lake and “HABONGAN” at the far bottom.
1786 D’Anville (Paris) – SAPONGAN – a msall inland lake linked to the sea.
1787 Sayer (London) - no lake name, no lake in the map
1790 Almodovar (Madrid) - no name, but lake reflected as big dent with large Kalinawan river
1794 Laurie (London) - no name, but lake reflected as small dent
1785 Zatta (Venice) - L. DE SAPONGAN- with clearly drawn large river. “MAINIT” was written on the left of the lake and “HABONGAN” at the far bottom.
1786 D’Anville (Paris) – SAPONGAN – a msall inland lake linked to the sea.
1787 Sayer (London) - no lake name, no lake in the map
1790 Almodovar (Madrid) - no name, but lake reflected as big dent with large Kalinawan river
1794 Laurie (London) - no name, but lake reflected as small dent
1808 Malaspina (Madrid) - no name, no lake
1814 Kelly (London) - no name, but lake reflected
1818 Pinkerton (USA) - no name, but lake reflected as big dent
1852 Morata (Madrid) - no name, no lake
1865 Madrid - no name, no lake in the map
1871 Madrid - no name, no lake in the map
1897 Madrid - no name, no name, but lake reflected as big dent with river (line) going towards the east
1899 Algue (USA) – L. MAINIT. “JABONGA” was also written below the lake. Lake was drawn inland.
1908 Hodgson (US) – MAINIT LAKE - - an inland body of water with very long river reaching Tubay, almost very near Butuan.
1933 US Survey – L. MAINIT – inland lake, drawn almost similar to the present-day per shape lake.
1814 Kelly (London) - no name, but lake reflected
1818 Pinkerton (USA) - no name, but lake reflected as big dent
1852 Morata (Madrid) - no name, no lake
1865 Madrid - no name, no lake in the map
1871 Madrid - no name, no lake in the map
1897 Madrid - no name, no name, but lake reflected as big dent with river (line) going towards the east
1899 Algue (USA) – L. MAINIT. “JABONGA” was also written below the lake. Lake was drawn inland.
1908 Hodgson (US) – MAINIT LAKE - - an inland body of water with very long river reaching Tubay, almost very near Butuan.
1933 US Survey – L. MAINIT – inland lake, drawn almost similar to the present-day per shape lake.
St. Nicholas of Tolentino
Born in 1245 in Sant'Angelo, St. Nicholas of Tolentino took his name from St. Nicholas of Myra, at whose shrine his parents prayed to have a child. Nicholas became a monk at 18, and seven years later, he was ordained a priest. He gained a reputation as a preacher and a confessor. C. 1274, he was sent to Tolentino, near his birthplace. The town suffered from civil strife between the Guelphs, who supported the pope, and Ghibellines, who supported the Holy Roman Emperor, in their struggle for control of Italy. Nicholas was primarily a pastor to his flock. He ministered to the poor and the criminal. He is said to have cured the sick with bread over which he had prayed to Mary, the mother of God. He gained a reputation as a wonder-worker. Nicholas died in 1305 after a long illness. People began immediately to petition for his canonization. Eugene IV canonized him in 1446, and his relics were rediscovered in 1926 at Tolentino.Feast day:
September 10
1507
Oil on panel, 79 x 62 cm
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
Source: http://www.catholic.org
Accessed: 23 August 2005
The Mosende Family originates from La Coruña, Spain
Our family must have descended from the Mosende's of La Coruña, Spain. Here are some of the earliest Mosende's in the well-known Genealogical Society of Utah (The National Archives recommended this splendid work of the Mormons if one would want to trace its family tree).
So far, Juan Mosende (1580) and Pedro Mosende (1610) are the earliest Mosende's I have found in historical records.
However, there's a place in Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain called Mosende. Check it from my personal blog here.
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 20, 2008
So far, Juan Mosende (1580) and Pedro Mosende (1610) are the earliest Mosende's I have found in historical records.
However, there's a place in Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain called Mosende. Check it from my personal blog here.
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 20, 2008
Saturnino Libarnes
Another rare find, and this is so special to me... the ORIGINAL signature of my great, great grandfather Saturnino Libarnes (father of Damiana Libarnes, grandfather of Lolo Vedasto "Bitoy" Libarnes Mosende). Courtesy of the Philippine National Archives.
This is from an 1853 document entitled: "Provincia de Caraga Ano de 1853 Pueblo de Maynit, Cuenta comunal que presenta el Gobllo del espresado ano." I guess this is an annual report submitted by the Pueblos on the products and taxes collected for the year.
Note that Maynit (Mainit) was a pueblo of the Province of Caraga even in the mid 1800s, a similar status enjoyed by the the pueblos of Surigao and Gigaquit as indicated in 1749 (see related post here). This brings me to ask: when was Mainit declared a barrio of Placer, where Saturnino Libarnes were thought to be one of the original Capitanes? Basin 1900s na, when Placer bolted out of Gigaquit? But why a pueblo (Mainit) be demoted to a barrio and become part of a former barrio (Placer)?. Hmmm.
Going back to the document, it also contains original signatures of two more main signatories "principales y cavesas" - Selverio Muparce (dili kaha kun Mupas ini?) and Anastacio Libarnes.
Signed in the presence of ("firmanos el presencia de 31 de Deciembre de 1853"):
Fernando Mongado, Minero Montaner, Maurecio Mosende, Domingo Mosende, Geraldo Galve, Damaro Molita, Doroteo Jolvisano (amo na ini an Julvesano), Arancio Libarnes, Antonio Mosende, Fermin Cepeda, Romualdo Mosende, Vidal Murcilla, and Francisco Mohar (Mojar kaha ini or Mozar?).
Thanks to Ate Thelma Palabrica (Teng's eldest sister) who were able to get a copy at the National Archives. This is so exciting and I will really devote a day or two going to the archives.
I have already traced 179 names from Lolo Saturnino down to it's 8th generation of descendants (visit www.mosendepbiki.com). Each is assigned a unique code and identifier. I hope the rest of the Libarnes and Mosende families will be triggered to help me update our family tree.
I also found a very good free software of creating family trees, www.tribalpages.com. Here's an excerpt of the Saturnino Libarnes line and how it branched out to me - Zimmbodilion.
Hope I have more time to read and do research. Please clone me (hehehe).
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 20, 2008
Note: Four years before this report was submitted, on November 21, 1849, then Governor General Narciso Claveria issued a decree to adopt a standardized records of Filipino names and surnames. I DOUBT if Libarnes and Mosende are from the catalogue.
This is from an 1853 document entitled: "Provincia de Caraga Ano de 1853 Pueblo de Maynit, Cuenta comunal que presenta el Gobllo del espresado ano." I guess this is an annual report submitted by the Pueblos on the products and taxes collected for the year.
Note that Maynit (Mainit) was a pueblo of the Province of Caraga even in the mid 1800s, a similar status enjoyed by the the pueblos of Surigao and Gigaquit as indicated in 1749 (see related post here). This brings me to ask: when was Mainit declared a barrio of Placer, where Saturnino Libarnes were thought to be one of the original Capitanes? Basin 1900s na, when Placer bolted out of Gigaquit? But why a pueblo (Mainit) be demoted to a barrio and become part of a former barrio (Placer)?. Hmmm.
Going back to the document, it also contains original signatures of two more main signatories "principales y cavesas" - Selverio Muparce (dili kaha kun Mupas ini?) and Anastacio Libarnes.
Signed in the presence of ("firmanos el presencia de 31 de Deciembre de 1853"):
Fernando Mongado, Minero Montaner, Maurecio Mosende, Domingo Mosende, Geraldo Galve, Damaro Molita, Doroteo Jolvisano (amo na ini an Julvesano), Arancio Libarnes, Antonio Mosende, Fermin Cepeda, Romualdo Mosende, Vidal Murcilla, and Francisco Mohar (Mojar kaha ini or Mozar?).
Thanks to Ate Thelma Palabrica (Teng's eldest sister) who were able to get a copy at the National Archives. This is so exciting and I will really devote a day or two going to the archives.
I have already traced 179 names from Lolo Saturnino down to it's 8th generation of descendants (visit www.mosendepbiki.com). Each is assigned a unique code and identifier. I hope the rest of the Libarnes and Mosende families will be triggered to help me update our family tree.
I also found a very good free software of creating family trees, www.tribalpages.com. Here's an excerpt of the Saturnino Libarnes line and how it branched out to me - Zimmbodilion.
Hope I have more time to read and do research. Please clone me (hehehe).
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 20, 2008
Note: Four years before this report was submitted, on November 21, 1849, then Governor General Narciso Claveria issued a decree to adopt a standardized records of Filipino names and surnames. I DOUBT if Libarnes and Mosende are from the catalogue.
The Pueblos of Distrito de Surigao (1894)
| Town | Inhabitants |
| Anaó-aon | 1.087 |
| Bacuag | 842 |
| Baganga | 1.188 |
| Bislig | 840 |
| Bumaran | 579 |
| Cabuntog | 1.938 |
| Cantilan | 6.022 |
| Caraga | 2.829 |
| Carrasca | 1.908 |
| Cateel | 1.646 |
| Dopá | 2.254 |
| Dapuan | 273 |
| Dinagat | 2.328 |
| Gigaquit | 5.519 |
| Ginatuan | 2.485 |
| Jabonga | 1.65 |
| Lanuza | 2.189 |
| Lianga | 2.366 |
| Maynit | 1.968 |
| Nonoc | 661 |
| Numancia | 2.644 |
| Oteyza | 1.525 |
| Placer | 883 |
| Quinablagan | 536 |
| San Juan | 341 |
| Sapao | 1.533 |
| Surigao | 5.142 |
| Taganaan | 1.997 |
| Tago | 2.401 |
| Talacogon | 1.156 |
| Tandag | 2.432 |
| Tubay | 2.12 |
| 67.760 |
Pidjanga notes: Aguilar also noted that the District of Surigao was called Distrito de Caraga until 1858. Katingaj-an ko gadjud tag-uno nato paghi-barrio nan Placer na nan 1894, pueblo na man kita daan, na mas hamok pa an naghuya sa ato lungsod. Tagtawag pa na "Maynit" and Mainit.
Jun 17. 2008
During or After Magellan... the Mosende from La Coruna and Galicia, Spain
Fr. Scheurs wrote that right after the return of the lone surviving ship of the Magellan Expedition (1519-1523), the Victoria, a new Spanish fleet sailed from the port of La Coruña to the Islands of the West. The general command was given to Garcia Jofre de Loaisa, and Sebastian de Elcano as second in command. Sailing in the track of Magellan's voyage, and after hearthbreaking setbacks with one bad omen after another haunting the expedition i.e. six of the ships has sunk or disappeared from the fleet, the surviving ship, Santa Maria, reached Mindanao (chronicles suggest it was the island of San Juan, currently Siargao) on October 1526. To their astonishment, they were met by a survivor of Magellan's fleet, Gonzalo de Vigo, a native of Galicia, Spain.
In my early days of blogging, I have posted that there are places in Northern Spain named as Mosende, although, until now, I do not know whether they are political units or merely names of villages. But it seems they are equivalent to our Philippine municipalities. These are found in Lugo, Galicia Spain, and Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain. See here.
La Coruña (called A Coruña in Galician language) is also in Galicia, Spain. See here.
Last year, I found from the well-known Genealogical Society of Utah (the National Archives recommended this splendid work of the Mormons if one would want to trace its family tree), the names of Juan Mosende (1580) and Pedro Mosende (1610) coming from La Coruña, Spain (see here).
The above seem to confirm that the Mosende Family of Mainit and Placer, Surigao del Norte must have descended from the Mosende Clan of La Coruña, Spain
Sa ato pa, gikan sa La Coruña, iban ni Magellan sanan ni Loaisa (kaibanan isab si Fray Urdaneta) an mga-kapopo-popoan nan mga Mosende. Mga lumon... wara di sa kanao! Haruy di!
References:
Schreurs, Peter. 2000. Caraga Antigua, 1521-1910: The Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao, and East Davao. National Historical Institute.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Premium Suite 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation.
Coming:
Written historical evidences of the relocation of Mainitnons from Daang Lungsod (currently San Isidro) to the present-day Poblacion due to the Hurricane of 1876. This was probably during the leadership (Cabeza de Barangay) of my great, great, great grandfather Don Saturnino Libarnes (see related post here). This also confirms the foundation of the poblacion as retold to me by Lolo Bitoy, Saturnino's grandson (see here).
Who are the founders of Mainit?
Gigi has beautifully written a story of Mainit (published by Monyx here and posted in the Pidjanga Blog here). Congrats Gi! We are fortunate enough to have the first hand accounts of the first chief official of Mainit, Antonio Grecia Mozar, when Mainit became a municipality. Thanks to Ma'am Alice Mozar.
My caretera write up, has had first hand accounts too of Lolo Bitoy (Vedasto Libarnes Mosende), during my personal encounters with him. As you can recall, Lolo Bitoy was Lolo Tonio's Vice President.
What we need to establish is who was the first capitan? and who are with him when Mainit was created a barrio? When?
Definitely...
The Poblacion of Mainit was founded by Saturnino Libarnes and companions, when inhabitants of our town decided to transfer from Daang Lungsod to the current Barangays of Quezon and Magsaysay.
The Municipality of Mainit was founded on December 27, 1930 by virtue of Executive Order No. 290, probably by the prompting of its prominent leader Ceferino "Pinoy" Lozada, the Mayor of Placer (when Mainit was founded), and with the strong support from Lolo Tonio and Lolo Bitoy. Officially, by end of this year, Mainit will be celebrating its 78th foundation day. And, yehey, I am confident that I will still be around during the Centennial Celebration of Mainit in 2030.
In the mid-1750s (see related post here), the Spanish archives has recorded that Mainit was already called Pueblo de Mainit. My sister-in-law, went yesterday to the National Archives, and saw at least 3 Mosendes in the the archives' genealogy unit. One of them is Romualdo Mosende. I may need (or if one of you would have time), to visit the National Archives too and see interesting data from there.
Exciting!
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 11, 2008
My caretera write up, has had first hand accounts too of Lolo Bitoy (Vedasto Libarnes Mosende), during my personal encounters with him. As you can recall, Lolo Bitoy was Lolo Tonio's Vice President.
What we need to establish is who was the first capitan? and who are with him when Mainit was created a barrio? When?
Definitely...
The Poblacion of Mainit was founded by Saturnino Libarnes and companions, when inhabitants of our town decided to transfer from Daang Lungsod to the current Barangays of Quezon and Magsaysay.
The Municipality of Mainit was founded on December 27, 1930 by virtue of Executive Order No. 290, probably by the prompting of its prominent leader Ceferino "Pinoy" Lozada, the Mayor of Placer (when Mainit was founded), and with the strong support from Lolo Tonio and Lolo Bitoy. Officially, by end of this year, Mainit will be celebrating its 78th foundation day. And, yehey, I am confident that I will still be around during the Centennial Celebration of Mainit in 2030.
In the mid-1750s (see related post here), the Spanish archives has recorded that Mainit was already called Pueblo de Mainit. My sister-in-law, went yesterday to the National Archives, and saw at least 3 Mosendes in the the archives' genealogy unit. One of them is Romualdo Mosende. I may need (or if one of you would have time), to visit the National Archives too and see interesting data from there.
Exciting!
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 11, 2008
Lake Mainit was Lake Sapongan
CONFIRMED... Lac de Sampongan or Lake Sapongan is the old name of Lake Mainit
I wrote two years ago (here) that I suspected that the French Geographer of Mindanao who included 'Lac de Sampongan' in his 1752 map must be referring to the Lake of Habongan or the present-day Lake Mainit where Jabonga shares part of the lake.
Thanks to Project Gutenberg Philippines, I was able to read relevant historical data, and got the following from the digitized version of the History and Geography of Mindanao published in 1894 under the section Lagunas (Lakes).
This reminds me two important tasks for myself, and a call to you, readers, to help...
1. Continue research on the history of Mainit (I have started the timeline and some related posts) through available online resources such as the Project Gutenberg, Filipiniana.net, and UMich Filipiniana ; and
2. Continue project on digitizing archives in Mainit (e.g. Parish Baptismal and Marriage records). I've researched on available service providers and equipments on digitization, and I 've found interesting ones (here and here). My office and some friends have also the same needs (to free their steel cabinets from their old files), so I am contemplating of partnering with existing service providers or opening a business on this e.g. Pidjanga E-booking, Inc (hehehe).
What do you think?
Zimm/Peter
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 11, 2008
I wrote two years ago (here) that I suspected that the French Geographer of Mindanao who included 'Lac de Sampongan' in his 1752 map must be referring to the Lake of Habongan or the present-day Lake Mainit where Jabonga shares part of the lake.
Thanks to Project Gutenberg Philippines, I was able to read relevant historical data, and got the following from the digitized version of the History and Geography of Mindanao published in 1894 under the section Lagunas (Lakes).
Sapongan, en el extremo NE. de la isla, provincia de Surigao, está á bastante altura sobre el nivel del mar, profunda y abundante en pesca, desemboca por el río Tubay al E. de la ensenada de Butuan, tiene 8 millas de N. á S. y 4 de E. á O.Roughly, it says, Sapongan is in the northeast of Mindanao, in the province of Surigao, abundant with fish, and flows into the Tubay River through the inlet of Butuan.
This reminds me two important tasks for myself, and a call to you, readers, to help...
1. Continue research on the history of Mainit (I have started the timeline and some related posts) through available online resources such as the Project Gutenberg, Filipiniana.net, and UMich Filipiniana ; and
2. Continue project on digitizing archives in Mainit (e.g. Parish Baptismal and Marriage records). I've researched on available service providers and equipments on digitization, and I 've found interesting ones (here and here). My office and some friends have also the same needs (to free their steel cabinets from their old files), so I am contemplating of partnering with existing service providers or opening a business on this e.g. Pidjanga E-booking, Inc (hehehe).
What do you think?
Zimm/Peter
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jan 11, 2008
A Pidjanga-Mainitnon with UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon
Can you find your fellow Pidjanga?
Our UN Staff photo with SG Ban Ki Moon during his first visit to the Philippines last October 29, 2008. He is a serious but a funny guy!
(Click photo to enlarge)
Well, here you can obviously identify your very own Pidjanga. This was printed frontpage of the 12 October 2007 issue of the Manila Bulletin (see related post here).
(Click photo to enlarge)
Nov 11, 2008
Our UN Staff photo with SG Ban Ki Moon during his first visit to the Philippines last October 29, 2008. He is a serious but a funny guy!
(Click photo to enlarge)
Well, here you can obviously identify your very own Pidjanga. This was printed frontpage of the 12 October 2007 issue of the Manila Bulletin (see related post here).
(Click photo to enlarge)
Nov 11, 2008
Digital Parish Archive - Online?
The Filipino Librarian featured the first printed books in the Philippines. One of which is the Doctrina Christiana which is amazingly (or miraculously?) available in digital book version online. Von says "that means you can read the entire book online almost as if you were turning the pages of this very rare book printed in 1593".
This is how I wish our Book of Catholic Marriages and other Parish Archives in Mainit would be available. And a CD-ROM version of which would be available to anyone who would do research in the parish. I hope that Fr. Rey Maldo finds time to write the NCCA and request their archiving unit to visit our town and asses our archiving needs.
Haraw!
Post: Zimm (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jul 10, 2007
Sitios of Mainit
Wikipedia says... "A sitio in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay, the location of which may be distant from the center of the barangay itself. During Spanish occupation, sitios were named to make a centralized government for municipalities through the barrio system now called barangay."
Help me fill up the known sitios in our town. I've already made my guesses in some.
Help me fill up the known sitios in our town. I've already made my guesses in some.
- Binga - Maniuyom
- Bobona-on -
- Cantugas - Gasipan, Bojo, Antipolo, Upper Mayag, Kakongkingan
- Dayano -
- Mabini - Bobaongon, Tigbawan
- Magpayang -
- Magsaysay (Pob.) - Sanghan, Gata (Lower, Upper), Utod-bukid, Tina, Mapaso, Dayangdang
- Mansayao - Candiis
- Marayag -
- Matin-ao - Pacuyab, Mayag, Perada, Anas, Maslog, Lanapan, Payanasa, Rizal, Mat-i, Crossing
- Paco - Ninjaw (to be confirmed)
- Quezon (Pob.) - Culo, Panayakpan
- Roxas -
- San Francisco - Ambassador, Campo Langit
- San Isidro - Gata Dos, Canang-caan, Tag-ayan, Danogon,
- San Jose - Tanhawaan
- Siana -
- Silop -
- Tagbuyawan -
- Tapi-an -
- Tolingon - Waterfalls, Mahayahay
UPDATES
Annabelle Nalam added Ninjaw, Paco
Updated: 26 July 2013
Luz Borinaga-Moyon added Sanghan, Mahayahay
Updated: 1 May 2013
Anonymous added Candiis
Updated: 8 May 2013
Anonymous/Angat/Melvin added Dayangdang and Maniuyom.
Updated: 18 May 2009Annabelle Nalam added Ninjaw, Paco
Updated: 26 July 2013
Luz Borinaga-Moyon added Sanghan, Mahayahay
Updated: 1 May 2013
Anonymous added Candiis
Updated: 8 May 2013
Anonymous/Angat/Melvin added Dayangdang and Maniuyom.
Thanks JJ for the corrections and additions (Pacuyab, Perada, and Canangcaan). I have also added Tanhawaan and Utod-bukid). Noel added the sitios for Matin-ao and Cantugas. Luyab added Danogon. Gomer added more for Cantugas. Tupper raised about whether Perada is in San Isidro or Matin-ao! Added
Updated: 16 January 2008.
Who gave the name MAINIT?
In 1749, our town was already called Pueblo de Mainit (read here) under the Province of Caraga with a population of 610, together with Sapao (pop: 635), Gigaquit (pop: 700), Surigao (pop: 500), and Caolo (Old name of Siargao - pop: 850). (Source: Schreurs, P, 2000)
In 1734, the maps of Murillo Vellarde (1734) and Francisco Alegre (1751) in the book of Fray Combes (1667) mentioned the Lake of Mainit.
According also to Schreurs, 1631 marked the establishments of mission stations in Tago (this town is now becoming famous being the hometown of Pinoy Big Brother Housemate Sam Milby, and the source of Surigao Golden Treasures which goldwares dates back as early as 10th century AD), Tandag, Siargao, Bacuag/Gigaquit, Jabonga, Butuan and Linao. The mission superior was Fray Miguel de Sta. Maria, OAR. I suspect that Mainit must have been part of the Gigacuit mission station.
I hope that soon, the later volumes (I think 5th) of Jesuit Missionary Letters from Mindanao being translated by Fr. Jose Arcilla, SJ from Spanish to English will soon become available. It will add to my collection of references in my attempt to re-construct the historical timeline of Mainit. I have now printed copies for courier and comment of our fellow Mainitnons who have one way or another researched on Mainit's history (Rev. Sten Labrador, Mrs. Alice Mozar, Ms. Magelle Labrador, Rev. Diosdado Casera, etc).
NOW, as I researched on our history, one of my questions is about the origin of the name Mainit. When asked, I usually tell friends that our town was named Mainit because of our hot spring which is locally called Mapaso (or hot).
But if in the 1700s or even in 1600s, we have been called Mainit already, then who gave that name? it would have been logical if our town was named "Pueblo de Caliente" since caliente is the Spanish word for hot. And if it was named by the local inhabitants, we should have been called An Lungsod nan Mapaso.
Would it be the Tagalogs? or the Visayans? These two language groups use Mainit similarly.
Hala, kamo rakay magsumpay!
Jun 10, 2008
In 1734, the maps of Murillo Vellarde (1734) and Francisco Alegre (1751) in the book of Fray Combes (1667) mentioned the Lake of Mainit.
According also to Schreurs, 1631 marked the establishments of mission stations in Tago (this town is now becoming famous being the hometown of Pinoy Big Brother Housemate Sam Milby, and the source of Surigao Golden Treasures which goldwares dates back as early as 10th century AD), Tandag, Siargao, Bacuag/Gigaquit, Jabonga, Butuan and Linao. The mission superior was Fray Miguel de Sta. Maria, OAR. I suspect that Mainit must have been part of the Gigacuit mission station.
I hope that soon, the later volumes (I think 5th) of Jesuit Missionary Letters from Mindanao being translated by Fr. Jose Arcilla, SJ from Spanish to English will soon become available. It will add to my collection of references in my attempt to re-construct the historical timeline of Mainit. I have now printed copies for courier and comment of our fellow Mainitnons who have one way or another researched on Mainit's history (Rev. Sten Labrador, Mrs. Alice Mozar, Ms. Magelle Labrador, Rev. Diosdado Casera, etc).
NOW, as I researched on our history, one of my questions is about the origin of the name Mainit. When asked, I usually tell friends that our town was named Mainit because of our hot spring which is locally called Mapaso (or hot).
But if in the 1700s or even in 1600s, we have been called Mainit already, then who gave that name? it would have been logical if our town was named "Pueblo de Caliente" since caliente is the Spanish word for hot. And if it was named by the local inhabitants, we should have been called An Lungsod nan Mapaso.
Would it be the Tagalogs? or the Visayans? These two language groups use Mainit similarly.
Hala, kamo rakay magsumpay!
Jun 10, 2008
Great find: Book of Catholic Marriages
Our parish priests, Fr. Roman Alaan and Fr. Tenet (???) celebrated their last Christmas and New Year Masses in Mainit in 2006. Yes, both of them will be transferred to another assignment and we will have new parish priests in 2007. Given that both priests were instrumental in some of the MDO projects, particularly the relief operation during the February 2006 Guob and the Tree Planting Projecting in September 2006, I made sure to pass by the Catholic Convent to bid my goodbye and extend my best wishes for their new assignments.
Kuya Toto and I chanced upon two old folks asking help from the Catholic Church secretary
about the Marriage Certificate of their parents. And whoa... I had glimpsed on a
treasure: An old book of Catholic Marriages. Without second thoughts,
I snapped on it and here's the result.
This is BOOK 1, Page 12. Look at the family names... there's Solis, Abronillo, Ocon, Calamba, etc. so it is not true that most Mainitnon starts with letter M. (Aw, taga Placer and Tubod man badja an iban hehehe!).
There are two Mosende Marriages in this page: One is Bebiana Mosende marrying Vicente Mozol on October 5, 1929 and the other is Leonila Mosinde (sp) marying Alfonzo Solino (sp) on Novemver 4, 1929. Kanin-o kaha lamang mga popo sanan uya iton?
Personal call: Can someone in there (Mainit) volunteer to "digitize" these books? The best way is to scan them into either JPEG or PDF file (using a digital scanner). But a faster but crude way is just taking digital photos of its pages just like what I did above. Tana jaoy mo-consider pagvolunteer nan ini.
Zimm
Jan 9, 2007
Kuya Toto and I chanced upon two old folks asking help from the Catholic Church secretary
about the Marriage Certificate of their parents. And whoa... I had glimpsed on a
treasure: An old book of Catholic Marriages. Without second thoughts,
I snapped on it and here's the result.
This is BOOK 1, Page 12. Look at the family names... there's Solis, Abronillo, Ocon, Calamba, etc. so it is not true that most Mainitnon starts with letter M. (Aw, taga Placer and Tubod man badja an iban hehehe!).
There are two Mosende Marriages in this page: One is Bebiana Mosende marrying Vicente Mozol on October 5, 1929 and the other is Leonila Mosinde (sp) marying Alfonzo Solino (sp) on Novemver 4, 1929. Kanin-o kaha lamang mga popo sanan uya iton?
Personal call: Can someone in there (Mainit) volunteer to "digitize" these books? The best way is to scan them into either JPEG or PDF file (using a digital scanner). But a faster but crude way is just taking digital photos of its pages just like what I did above. Tana jaoy mo-consider pagvolunteer nan ini.
Zimm
Jan 9, 2007
Mamanua in 1908
The page with reference to the Mamanua (here).
Source: University of Michigan Online Filipiniana
Feb 8, 2007
Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos
An Mosende, Mondano, Murcilla, Mosca, Moserable, Mosquito, Mozol... basin diri gikan na libro!
Source: Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos
The Alphabetical Catalog of Surnames (Spanish: Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, Tagalog: Alpabetikong Katalogo ng mga Apelyido or Katitikang Talaan ng mga Pangalang angkan) is a book of surnames published in the Philippines and other islands of Spanish East Indies in the mid-19th century. This was in response to a Spanish colonial decree establishing the systematic distribution of family names and the imposition of the Spanish naming system on the inhabitants of the Philippines.
The book was created after Spanish Captain and Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa issued a decree on November 21, 1849.
Post: Zimmbodilion (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Aug 7, 2011
On November 21, 1849, then Governor General Narciso Claveria issued a decree to adopt a standardized records of Filipino names and surnames.
Through the so-called "Claveria Decree", he issued a list of family names in alphabetical order, which were based on a catalog of Spanish surnames.
He expanded it by including the names of places, plants, animals, minerals, art products and character traits, both in the native languages and in Spanish
Source: Kahimyang.Info
Jun 25, 2014
Read also: The Claveria Decree also HERE
Note: The custom was that siblings took on different last names like they had always done before the Spaniards came. All these "problems" resulted in a less efficient system of collecting taxes.
On November 21, 1849, then Governor General Narciso Claveria issued a decree to adopt a standardized records of Filipino names and surnames.
Through the so-called "Claveria Decree", he issued a list of family names in alphabetical order, which were based on a catalog of Spanish surnames.
He expanded it by including the names of places, plants, animals, minerals, art products and character traits, both in the native languages and in Spanish
Source: Kahimyang.Info
Jun 25, 2014
Read also: The Claveria Decree also HERE
Note: The custom was that siblings took on different last names like they had always done before the Spaniards came. All these "problems" resulted in a less efficient system of collecting taxes.
Mainit in 1749
This is a reproduction of a page from"En la Isla de Mindanao, y Provincia de Caraga del Obispado de Zebu tenemos los Pueblos, y Ministerios Siguentes" in the Recoleto Archives in Marcilla, Spain
as printed in the book of Fr. Peter Schreurs, MSC
Caraga Antigua 1521-1910
The Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao, and East Davao (2nd Edition, 2000)
National Historical Institute
It says that: "Pueblo de Mainit ... y de seis cientos, y diez Almas"
Meaning, that in 1749, the town of Mainit had a population 610 (almas or souls or believers).
Notice too that the present day municipality of Jabonga, Agusan del Norte is referred to as Pueblo de Habongan.
Reflections:
I thought that in the middle 1800s, Mainit was just a barrio of Placer, in reference to the leadership of Don Capitan Hilario Mosende (Ayong). Apparently, as early as 1749 (Shreurs, 200o), Mainit was already considered a "pueblo" of the Province of Caraga, together with Sapao (pop: 635), Gigaquit (pop: 700), Surigao (pop: 500), Caolo (Old name of Siargao - pop: 850).
The 'Lac de Sampongan' (French for Lake of Sampongan) in the 1752 map of "Du Roy" must be referring to the Lake of Habongan or the present-day Lake Mainit where Jabonga shares part of the lake.
Other related photos:
The title of the document where the 1749 population data of Mainit was printed.
Excerpt's from Fr. Schreurs' book on the above Recoleto documents.
This is an update of my post entitled: Pueblo de Mainit, 1749
http://pidjanga.blogspot.com/2005/08/pueblo-de-mainit-1749.html
By: Zimmbodilion Mosende
Jan 5, 2006
Categories: history, articles, mainit, literature
as printed in the book of Fr. Peter Schreurs, MSC
Caraga Antigua 1521-1910
The Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao, and East Davao (2nd Edition, 2000)
National Historical Institute
It says that: "Pueblo de Mainit ... y de seis cientos, y diez Almas"
Meaning, that in 1749, the town of Mainit had a population 610 (almas or souls or believers).
Notice too that the present day municipality of Jabonga, Agusan del Norte is referred to as Pueblo de Habongan.
Reflections:
I thought that in the middle 1800s, Mainit was just a barrio of Placer, in reference to the leadership of Don Capitan Hilario Mosende (Ayong). Apparently, as early as 1749 (Shreurs, 200o), Mainit was already considered a "pueblo" of the Province of Caraga, together with Sapao (pop: 635), Gigaquit (pop: 700), Surigao (pop: 500), Caolo (Old name of Siargao - pop: 850).
The 'Lac de Sampongan' (French for Lake of Sampongan) in the 1752 map of "Du Roy" must be referring to the Lake of Habongan or the present-day Lake Mainit where Jabonga shares part of the lake.
Other related photos:
The title of the document where the 1749 population data of Mainit was printed.
Excerpt's from Fr. Schreurs' book on the above Recoleto documents.
This is an update of my post entitled: Pueblo de Mainit, 1749
http://pidjanga.blogspot.com/2005/08/pueblo-de-mainit-1749.html
By: Zimmbodilion Mosende
Jan 5, 2006
Categories: history, articles, mainit, literature
Mainit of Yesteryears: MAESTRA - Circa 1961
Taken: 19 September 1961
Source: Mosende Archives
Mainit, Surigao del Norte, Philippines
Pidjanga notes: It's been a while since I last posted photos from the Mosende Archives. Actually, to be exact, my last post was in July 2006, or almost one year ago.
I chose this photo as the Pidjanga's humble tribute to the unsung heroes of the recently concluded Mainit Elections... our public school TEACHERS. Without their sacrifice, hardwork and patience, no elections will happen.
The photo features the "Teaching Force of the District of Mainit in 1961". Do you know anyof them? At first glance, I can immediately pinpoint the late Sir Maning Reliquette at the back.
Notice too the beautiful old wooden school building of the Mainit Central Elementary School (MCES)... jaoy ila ingud (Hehehe). I wonder what children games they play then. Were they like what we used to play in our generation?As to the building, I am glad to have it documented here because when we were studying in MCES (1980s), all of the school buildings were already made of concrete materials.
(To Pidjangas: if you want your photos to be featured here, email me at pidjanga@gmail.com)
Post: Zimm (www.pidjanga.blogspot.com)
Jun 2, 2007
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